Fakhr-i Muddabbir

   Author of Adab al-harb wa'l-shaja'a (Modes of Warfare and Chivalry), a military-cum-administrative treatise presented to Shams al-Din Iltutmish in 1232. In chapter 26, Fakhr-i Muddabbir reviews the principles and practices of Islamic governments regarding their non-Muslim subjects, and lists the re-strictions under which these people should live. According to him, their adornment, dress, and deportment ought to be different from those of Muslims. He also lists the categories of people who should pay jiziya. Among them are included idol worshipers (butparastan). This would suggest that, in Fakhr-i Muddabbir's view, the Hindus in India qualified as tributary subjects (zimmis).

   On his mother's side, Fakhr-i Muddabbir descended from Amir Bilga-tagin, the father-in-law of Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni. Around 1169-1170, he was residing in Multan. In his early years, he is known to have prepared genealogical tables that attracted the notice of Qutb al-Din Aibak (1206-1210). Fakhr-i Muddabbir wrote Adab al-harb wa'l-shaja'a in India at a time when he was quite old. It was possibly his last work.